| Ch. | Slide | Page | State |
|---|---|---|---|
| cover | 1 | complete | |
| agenda | 2 | complete | |
| 1 | Business & segments | 3 | complete |
| Segment mix & profit ladder | 4 | complete | |
| Segment walk — two options | 5 | complete | |
| Segment contribution walk | 6 | complete | |
| Segment walk — walk left, build-up right | 7 | complete | |
| 2 | Financial statements | 8 | complete |
| Income statement | 9 | complete | |
| Balance sheet | 10 | complete | |
| Cash flow | 11 | complete | |
| Driver walk — two variants | 12 | complete | |
| Driver walk — volume vs margin, margin by driver | 13 | complete | |
| Driver walk — bridge over the common-size P&L | 14 | complete | |
| Operating walk — three separate analyses | 15 | complete | |
| Operating bridge — by driver or by segment | 16 | complete |
| Ch. | Slide | Page | State |
|---|---|---|---|
| Financing & tax — from operating result to the bottom line | 17 | complete | |
| 3 | Capital & leverage | 18 | complete |
| Leverage walk — version 1 of 3 | 19 | complete | |
| Leverage & net-debt walk | 20 | complete | |
| Leverage walk — version 2 of 3 | 21 | complete | |
| Leverage — the two effects, then nested to source | 22 | complete | |
| Leverage — trend and the build-up behind it | 23 | complete | |
| Leverage walk — version 3 of 3 | 24 | complete | |
| Leverage — figure, bridge, evidence | 25 | complete | |
| Returns on capital — ROE, ROIC and what drives them | 26 | complete | |
| Capital returns to shareholders | 27 | complete | |
| 4 | Synthesis | 28 | complete |
| Scorecard — six KPIs at a glance | 29 | complete | |
| Discussion, findings and sources | 30 | complete | |
| Provenance & full concept ledger | 31 | complete | |
| End of analysis pack | 32 | complete |
| Segment | Revenue | Gross $ | Gross % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Energy Generation & Storage | 12.77 | 3.80 | 29.8% |
| Automotive | 82.06 | 13.29 | 16.2% |
| Σ Segments | 94.83 | 17.09 | 18.0% |
| Corporate & reconciling | 0.00 | 0.00 | — |
| = Group (consol. P&L) | 94.83 | 17.09 | 18.0% |
| Segment / income-statement line | FY2025 · $bn | % |
|---|---|---|
| Energy Generation & Storage | 12.77 | 29.8% |
| Revenue | 12.77 | 100.0% |
| − Cost of revenue | 8.97 | 70.2% |
| = Gross profit | 3.80 | 29.8% |
| Automotive | 82.06 | 16.2% |
| Revenue | 82.06 | 100.0% |
| − Cost of revenue | 68.76 | 83.8% |
| = Gross profit | 13.29 | 16.2% |
| Σ Segments | 94.83 | — |
| = Group (consol. P&L) | 94.83 | — |
SEC EDGAR companyfacts 10-K (audited) · Segment-XBRL · curated kpi. Every row reconciles to the group.
Profit levels by segment: Gross. Segment data annual-only (no LTM).
reported derived (yellow tint).
→ Segment-Walk (who) · → Operating-Bridge (why) · → P&L
Who moved the group number? The bridge distributes the change across the individual members and closes exactly on the reported group figure via a residual item.
Shown: FY24 97.69 → FY25 94.83, change -2.86.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis, operating rows only (OperatingSegments preferred so nothing double-counts); group anchor from the consolidated P&L. The residual Corporate & elim. carries central costs and intersegment eliminations. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Who moved the group number? The bridge distributes the change across the individual members and closes exactly on the reported group figure via a residual item.
Shown: FY23 96.77 → FY25 94.83, change -1.95.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis, operating rows only (OperatingSegments preferred so nothing double-counts); group anchor from the consolidated P&L. The residual Corporate & elim. carries central costs and intersegment eliminations. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Who moved the group number? The bridge distributes the change across the individual members and closes exactly on the reported group figure via a residual item.
Shown: FY24 17.45 → FY25 17.09, change -0.36.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis, operating rows only (OperatingSegments preferred so nothing double-counts); group anchor from the consolidated P&L. The residual Corporate & elim. carries central costs and intersegment eliminations. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Who moved the group number? The bridge distributes the change across the individual members and closes exactly on the reported group figure via a residual item.
Shown: FY24 17.45 → FY25 17.09, change -0.36.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis, operating rows only (OperatingSegments preferred so nothing double-counts); group anchor from the consolidated P&L. Each segment additionally split into volume and margin (Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Who moved the group number? The bridge distributes the change across the individual members and closes exactly on the reported group figure via a residual item.
Shown: FY24 17.45 → FY25 17.09, change -0.36.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis, operating rows only (OperatingSegments preferred so nothing double-counts); group anchor from the consolidated P&L. Each segment additionally split into volume and margin (margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
How many percentage points of group margin does each segment contribute? A segment acts through two channels: its profit contribution and its revenue weight — both sit inside its bar.
Shown: FY24 17.86pp → FY25 18.03pp, change 0.16pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis, operating rows only (OperatingSegments preferred so nothing double-counts); group anchor from the consolidated P&L. Per-segment contribution to group margin, order-neutral: c = ½·(1/R₀+1/R₁)·ΔP − ½·(P₀+P₁)/(R₀R₁)·ΔR. The residual Corporate & elim. carries central costs and intersegment eliminations. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Who moved the group number? The bridge distributes the change across the individual members and closes exactly on the reported group figure via a residual item.
Shown: FY23 17.66 → FY25 17.09, change -0.57.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis, operating rows only (OperatingSegments preferred so nothing double-counts); group anchor from the consolidated P&L. The residual Corporate & elim. carries central costs and intersegment eliminations. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Who moved the group number? The bridge distributes the change across the individual members and closes exactly on the reported group figure via a residual item.
Shown: FY23 17.66 → FY25 17.09, change -0.57.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis, operating rows only (OperatingSegments preferred so nothing double-counts); group anchor from the consolidated P&L. Each segment additionally split into volume and margin (Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Who moved the group number? The bridge distributes the change across the individual members and closes exactly on the reported group figure via a residual item.
Shown: FY23 17.66 → FY25 17.09, change -0.57.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis, operating rows only (OperatingSegments preferred so nothing double-counts); group anchor from the consolidated P&L. Each segment additionally split into volume and margin (margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
How many percentage points of group margin does each segment contribute? A segment acts through two channels: its profit contribution and its revenue weight — both sit inside its bar.
Shown: FY23 18.25pp → FY25 18.03pp, change -0.22pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis, operating rows only (OperatingSegments preferred so nothing double-counts); group anchor from the consolidated P&L. Per-segment contribution to group margin, order-neutral: c = ½·(1/R₀+1/R₁)·ΔP − ½·(P₀+P₁)/(R₀R₁)·ΔR. The residual Corporate & elim. carries central costs and intersegment eliminations. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Segment values from the SEC EDGAR segment axis, operating rows only (OperatingSegments preferred over bare members to avoid double-counting; aggregation artifacts skipped). Volume/margin split is order-neutral: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Group anchor from the consolidated P&L (kpi).
Who moved the group number? The bridge distributes the change across the individual members and closes exactly on the reported group figure via a residual item.
Shown: FY24 97.69 → FY25 94.83, change -2.86.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis, operating rows only (OperatingSegments preferred so nothing double-counts); group anchor from the consolidated P&L. The residual Corporate & elim. carries central costs and intersegment eliminations. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Who moved the group number? The bridge distributes the change across the individual members and closes exactly on the reported group figure via a residual item.
Shown: FY23 96.77 → FY25 94.83, change -1.95.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis, operating rows only (OperatingSegments preferred so nothing double-counts); group anchor from the consolidated P&L. The residual Corporate & elim. carries central costs and intersegment eliminations. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Who moved the group number? The bridge distributes the change across the individual members and closes exactly on the reported group figure via a residual item.
Shown: FY24 17.45 → FY25 17.09, change -0.36.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis, operating rows only (OperatingSegments preferred so nothing double-counts); group anchor from the consolidated P&L. The residual Corporate & elim. carries central costs and intersegment eliminations. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Who moved the group number? The bridge distributes the change across the individual members and closes exactly on the reported group figure via a residual item.
Shown: FY24 17.45 → FY25 17.09, change -0.36.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis, operating rows only (OperatingSegments preferred so nothing double-counts); group anchor from the consolidated P&L. Each segment additionally split into volume and margin (Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Who moved the group number? The bridge distributes the change across the individual members and closes exactly on the reported group figure via a residual item.
Shown: FY24 17.45 → FY25 17.09, change -0.36.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis, operating rows only (OperatingSegments preferred so nothing double-counts); group anchor from the consolidated P&L. Each segment additionally split into volume and margin (margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
How many percentage points of group margin does each segment contribute? A segment acts through two channels: its profit contribution and its revenue weight — both sit inside its bar.
Shown: FY24 17.86pp → FY25 18.03pp, change 0.16pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis, operating rows only (OperatingSegments preferred so nothing double-counts); group anchor from the consolidated P&L. Per-segment contribution to group margin, order-neutral: c = ½·(1/R₀+1/R₁)·ΔP − ½·(P₀+P₁)/(R₀R₁)·ΔR. The residual Corporate & elim. carries central costs and intersegment eliminations. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Who moved the group number? The bridge distributes the change across the individual members and closes exactly on the reported group figure via a residual item.
Shown: FY23 17.66 → FY25 17.09, change -0.57.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis, operating rows only (OperatingSegments preferred so nothing double-counts); group anchor from the consolidated P&L. The residual Corporate & elim. carries central costs and intersegment eliminations. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Who moved the group number? The bridge distributes the change across the individual members and closes exactly on the reported group figure via a residual item.
Shown: FY23 17.66 → FY25 17.09, change -0.57.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis, operating rows only (OperatingSegments preferred so nothing double-counts); group anchor from the consolidated P&L. Each segment additionally split into volume and margin (Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Who moved the group number? The bridge distributes the change across the individual members and closes exactly on the reported group figure via a residual item.
Shown: FY23 17.66 → FY25 17.09, change -0.57.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis, operating rows only (OperatingSegments preferred so nothing double-counts); group anchor from the consolidated P&L. Each segment additionally split into volume and margin (margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
How many percentage points of group margin does each segment contribute? A segment acts through two channels: its profit contribution and its revenue weight — both sit inside its bar.
Shown: FY23 18.25pp → FY25 18.03pp, change -0.22pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis, operating rows only (OperatingSegments preferred so nothing double-counts); group anchor from the consolidated P&L. Per-segment contribution to group margin, order-neutral: c = ½·(1/R₀+1/R₁)·ΔP − ½·(P₀+P₁)/(R₀R₁)·ΔR. The residual Corporate & elim. carries central costs and intersegment eliminations. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
| $bn | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | Δ | Anteil |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Automotive | 90.74 | 87.60 | 82.06 | -5.55 | 87% |
| Energy Generation & Storage | 6.04 | 10.09 | 12.77 | +2.68 | 13% |
| Group (Revenue) | 96.77 | 97.69 | 94.83 | -2.86 | 100% |
| Income statement · $m | Fiscal year · $m | Quarter (fiscal) · $m | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY25 | FY24 | FY23 | FY22 | FY21 | Q1·26 | Q4·25 | Q3·25 | Q2·25 | Q1·25 | Q4·24 | Q3·24 | Q2·24 | |
| Revenue | 94,827 | 97,690 | 96,773 | 81,462 | 53,823 | 22,387 | 24,901 | 28,095 | 22,496 | 19,335 | 25,707 | 25,182 | 25,500 |
| Cost of revenue | 77,733 | 80,240 | 79,113 | 60,609 | 40,217 | 17,667 | 19,892 | 23,041 | 18,618 | 16,182 | 21,528 | 20,185 | 20,922 |
| Gross profit | 17,094 | 17,450 | 17,660 | 20,853 | 13,606 | 4,720 | 5,009 | 5,054 | 3,878 | 3,153 | 4,179 | 4,997 | 4,578 |
| Gross margin % | 18.0% | 17.9% | 18.2% | 25.6% | 25.3% | 21.1% | 20.1% | 18.0% | 17.2% | 16.3% | 16.3% | 19.8% | 18.0% |
| Operating expenses | 12,739 | 10,374 | 8,769 | 7,197 | 7,083 | 3,779 | 3,600 | 3,430 | 2,955 | 2,754 | 2,596 | 2,280 | 2,973 |
| Research and development | 6,411 | 4,540 | 3,969 | 3,075 | 2,593 | 1,946 | 1,783 | 1,630 | 1,589 | 1,409 | 1,276 | 1,039 | 1,074 |
| R&D % of revenue | 6.8% | 4.6% | 4.1% | 3.8% | 4.8% | 8.7% | 7.2% | 5.8% | 7.1% | 7.3% | 5.0% | 4.1% | 4.2% |
| Operating income (EBIT) | 4,355 | 7,076 | 8,891 | 13,656 | 6,523 | 941 | 1,409 | 1,624 | 923 | 399 | 1,583 | 2,717 | 1,605 |
| Operating margin % | 4.6% | 7.2% | 9.2% | 16.8% | 12.1% | 4.2% | 5.7% | 5.8% | 4.1% | 2.1% | 6.2% | 10.8% | 6.3% |
| Other income (expense), net | -419 | 695 | 172 | -43 | 135 | -535 | -592 | -28 | 320 | -119 | 595 | -263 | -80 |
| Income before income taxes | 5,278 | 8,990 | 9,973 | 13,719 | 6,343 | 748 | 1,181 | 1,959 | 1,549 | 589 | 2,524 | 2,791 | 1,787 |
| Provision for income taxes | 1,423 | 1,837 | -5,001 | 1,132 | 699 | 257 | 325 | 570 | 359 | 169 | 381 | 602 | 371 |
| Effective tax rate % | 27.0% | 20.4% | -50.1% | 8.3% | 11.0% | 34.4% | 27.5% | 29.1% | 23.2% | 28.7% | 15.1% | 21.6% | 20.8% |
| Net income | 3,794 | 7,091 | 14,997 | 12,556 | 5,519 | 477 | 840 | 1,373 | 1,172 | 409 | 2,128 | 2,173 | 1,400 |
| Net margin % | 4.0% | 7.3% | 15.5% | 15.4% | 10.3% | 2.1% | 3.4% | 4.9% | 5.2% | 2.1% | 8.3% | 8.6% | 5.5% |
| Diluted earnings per share ($) | 1.08 | 2.04 | 4.30 | 3.62 | 1.63 | 0.13 | — | 0.39 | 0.33 | 0.12 | — | 0.62 | 0.40 |
| Basic earnings per share ($) | 1.18 | 2.23 | 4.73 | 4.02 | 1.87 | 0.15 | — | 0.43 | 0.36 | 0.13 | — | 0.68 | 0.44 |
| Balance sheet · $m | Fiscal year · $m | Quarter (fiscal) · $m | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY25 | FY24 | FY23 | FY22 | FY21 | Q1·26 | Q4·25 | Q3·25 | Q2·25 | Q1·25 | Q4·24 | Q3·24 | Q2·24 | |
| Total assets | 137,806 | 122,070 | 106,618 | 82,338 | 62,131 | 143,724 | 137,806 | 133,735 | 128,567 | 125,111 | 122,070 | 119,852 | 112,832 |
| Total current assets | 68,642 | 58,360 | 49,616 | 40,917 | 27,100 | 69,748 | 68,642 | 64,653 | 61,133 | 59,389 | 58,360 | 56,379 | 52,977 |
| Cash and equivalents | 16,513 | 16,139 | 16,398 | 16,253 | 17,576 | 16,603 | 16,513 | 18,289 | 15,587 | 16,352 | 16,139 | 18,111 | 14,635 |
| Short-term investments | 27,546 | 20,424 | 12,696 | 5,932 | 131 | 28,140 | 27,546 | 23,358 | 21,195 | 20,644 | 20,424 | 15,537 | 16,085 |
| Accounts receivable, net | 4,576 | 4,418 | 3,508 | 2,952 | 1,913 | 3,959 | 4,576 | 4,703 | 3,838 | 3,782 | 4,418 | 3,313 | 3,737 |
| Inventories | 12,392 | 12,017 | 13,626 | 12,839 | 5,757 | 14,434 | 12,392 | 12,276 | 14,570 | 13,706 | 12,017 | 14,530 | 14,195 |
| Other current assets | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Other / unclassified, net | 7,615 | 5,362 | 3,388 | 2,941 | 1,723 | 6,612 | 7,615 | 6,027 | 5,943 | 4,905 | 5,362 | 4,888 | 4,325 |
| Total non-current assets | 69,164 | 63,710 | 57,002 | 41,421 | 35,031 | 73,976 | 69,164 | 69,082 | 67,434 | 65,722 | 63,710 | 63,473 | 59,855 |
| Property and equipment, net | — | 35,836 | 29,725 | 23,548 | 18,884 | — | — | 39,407 | 38,574 | 37,088 | 35,836 | 36,116 | 32,902 |
| Goodwill | 257 | 244 | 253 | 194 | 200 | — | 257 | 257 | 258 | 248 | 244 | 253 | 249 |
| Intangible assets, net | — | — | — | — | 242 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Long-term investments | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Other long-term assets | 5,045 | 4,609 | 4,531 | 3,865 | 2,138 | 7,490 | 5,045 | 5,860 | 4,857 | 4,942 | 4,609 | 4,989 | 4,458 |
| Other / unclassified, net | 63,862 | 23,021 | 22,493 | 13,814 | 13,567 | 66,486 | 63,862 | 23,558 | 23,745 | 23,444 | 23,021 | 22,115 | 22,246 |
| Total liabilities | 54,941 | 48,390 | 43,009 | 36,440 | 30,548 | 58,922 | 54,941 | 53,019 | 50,495 | 49,693 | 48,390 | 49,142 | 45,569 |
| Total current liabilities | 31,714 | 28,821 | 28,748 | 26,709 | 19,705 | 34,138 | 31,714 | 31,290 | 30,008 | 29,753 | 28,821 | 30,577 | 27,729 |
| Accounts payable | 13,371 | 12,474 | 14,431 | 15,255 | 10,025 | 14,696 | 13,371 | 12,819 | 13,212 | 13,471 | 12,474 | 14,654 | 13,056 |
| Current portion of debt | 1,569 | 2,343 | 1,975 | 1,016 | 1,088 | 1,374 | 1,569 | 1,852 | 1,962 | 2,164 | 2,343 | 2,115 | 2,024 |
| Other current liabilities | 1,932 | 1,549 | 517 | 354 | 310 | 2,131 | 1,932 | 1,846 | 1,613 | 1,352 | 1,549 | 1,543 | 1,022 |
| Other / unclassified, net | 14,842 | 12,455 | 11,825 | 10,084 | 8,282 | 15,937 | 14,842 | 14,773 | 13,221 | 12,766 | 12,455 | 12,265 | 11,627 |
| Total non-current liabilities | 23,227 | 19,569 | 14,261 | 9,731 | 10,843 | 24,784 | 23,227 | 21,729 | 20,487 | 19,940 | 19,569 | 18,565 | 17,840 |
| Long-term debt | 6,584 | 5,535 | 2,682 | 1,029 | 4,254 | 7,645 | 6,584 | 5,609 | 4,994 | 5,080 | 5,535 | 5,275 | 5,338 |
| Other long-term liabilities | 12,860 | 10,495 | 8,153 | 5,330 | 3,546 | 13,155 | 12,860 | 12,205 | 11,543 | 11,038 | 10,495 | 9,810 | 9,002 |
| Other / unclassified, net | 3,783 | 3,539 | 3,426 | 3,372 | 3,043 | 3,984 | 3,783 | 3,915 | 3,950 | 3,822 | 3,539 | 3,480 | 3,500 |
| Stockholders' equity | 82,137 | 72,913 | 62,634 | 44,704 | 30,189 | 84,116 | 82,137 | 79,970 | 77,314 | 74,653 | 72,913 | 69,931 | 66,468 |
| Common stock and paid-in capital | 42,770 | 38,371 | 34,892 | 32,177 | 29,803 | 44,299 | 42,770 | 41,597 | 40,363 | 39,456 | 38,371 | 37,286 | 36,443 |
| Retained earnings | 39,003 | 35,209 | 27,882 | 12,885 | 329 | 39,480 | 39,003 | 38,163 | 36,790 | 35,618 | 35,209 | 33,081 | 30,908 |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | 361 | -670 | -143 | -361 | 54 | 334 | 361 | 207 | 158 | -424 | -670 | -14 | -467 |
| Other / unclassified, net | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | -422 | -416 |
| Total liabilities and equity | 137,806 | 122,070 | 106,618 | 82,338 | 62,131 | 143,724 | 137,806 | 133,735 | 128,567 | 125,111 | 122,070 | 119,852 | 112,832 |
| Memo — leverage & capital | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Total debt | 8,153 | 7,878 | 4,657 | 2,045 | 5,342 | 9,019 | 8,153 | 7,461 | 6,956 | 7,244 | 7,878 | 7,390 | 7,362 |
| Net cash (debt) | 8,360 | 8,261 | 11,741 | 14,208 | 12,234 | 7,584 | 8,360 | 10,828 | 8,631 | 9,108 | 8,261 | 10,721 | 7,273 |
| Equity ratio % | 59.6% | 59.7% | 58.7% | 54.3% | 48.6% | 58.5% | 59.6% | 59.8% | 60.1% | 59.7% | 59.7% | 58.3% | 58.9% |
| Cash flow · $m | Fiscal year · $m | Quarter (fiscal) · $m | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY25 | FY24 | FY23 | FY22 | FY21 | Q1·26 | Q4·25 | Q3·25 | Q2·25 | Q1·25 | Q4·24 | Q3·24 | Q2·24 | |
| Net cash from operating activities | 14,747 | 14,923 | 13,256 | 14,724 | 11,497 | 3,937 | 3,813 | 6,238 | 2,540 | 2,156 | 4,814 | 6,255 | — |
| Net income | 3,794 | 7,091 | 14,997 | 12,556 | 5,519 | 477 | 840 | 1,373 | 1,172 | 409 | 2,128 | 2,173 | — |
| Depreciation and amortization | 5,030 | 4,120 | 3,330 | 2,420 | 1,961 | 1,340 | 1,380 | 1,350 | 1,150 | 1,150 | 1,160 | 1,050 | — |
| Stock-based compensation | 2,825 | 1,999 | 1,812 | 1,560 | 2,121 | 1,030 | 954 | 663 | 635 | 573 | 579 | 457 | — |
| Deferred income taxes | 123 | 477 | -6,349 | -196 | -149 | -136 | -111 | 225 | 52 | -43 | 6 | 286 | — |
| Working capital & other, net | 2,975 | 1,236 | -534 | -1,616 | 2,045 | 1,226 | 750 | 2,627 | -469 | 67 | 941 | 2,289 | — |
| Operating cash flow margin % | 15.6% | 15.3% | 13.7% | 18.1% | 21.4% | 17.6% | 15.3% | 22.2% | 11.3% | 11.2% | 18.7% | 24.8% | — |
| Net cash used in investing activities | -15,478 | -18,787 | -15,584 | -11,973 | -7,868 | -5,023 | -6,528 | -4,355 | -2,944 | -1,651 | -7,603 | -2,875 | — |
| Capital expenditures | -8,527 | -11,342 | -8,899 | -7,158 | -6,482 | -2,493 | -2,393 | -2,248 | -2,394 | -1,492 | -2,780 | -3,513 | — |
| Acquisitions, net | -0 | -0 | -64 | -0 | -0 | — | — | — | — | — | -0 | -0 | — |
| Other investing, net | -6,951 | -7,445 | -6,621 | -4,815 | -1,386 | -2,530 | -4,135 | -2,107 | -550 | -159 | -4,823 | 638 | — |
| Net cash from financing activities | 1,139 | 3,853 | 2,589 | -3,527 | -5,203 | 1,172 | 710 | 983 | -222 | -332 | 985 | 132 | — |
| Share repurchases | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Dividends paid | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Debt repayments, net | — | — | -1,351 | -3,364 | -14,167 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Other financing, net | 1,139 | 3,853 | 3,940 | -163 | 8,964 | 1,172 | 710 | 983 | -222 | -332 | 985 | 132 | — |
| Effect of exchange rate & other | 171 | -141 | 4 | -444 | -183 | -47 | 37 | -17 | 111 | 40 | -133 | 108 | — |
| Net change in cash | 579 | -152 | 265 | -1,220 | -1,757 | 39 | -1,968 | 2,849 | -515 | 213 | -1,937 | 3,620 | — |
| Free cash flow (OCF − capex) | 6,220 | 3,581 | 4,357 | 7,566 | 5,015 | 1,444 | 1,420 | 3,990 | 146 | 664 | 2,034 | 2,742 | — |
| Free cash flow margin % | 6.6% | 3.7% | 4.5% | 9.3% | 9.3% | 6.5% | 5.7% | 14.2% | 0.6% | 3.4% | 7.9% | 10.9% | — |
| Capital returned (buybacks + dividends) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Payout % of free cash flow | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 17.45 → FY25 17.09, change -0.36.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 17.45 → FY25 17.09, change -0.36.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 17.45 → FY25 17.09, change -0.36.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 17.45 → FY25 17.09, change -0.36.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY24 17.86% → FY25 18.03%, change 0.16%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 17.66 → FY25 17.09, change -0.57.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 17.66 → FY25 17.09, change -0.57.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 17.66 → FY25 17.09, change -0.57.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 17.66 → FY25 17.09, change -0.57.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY23 18.25% → FY25 18.03%, change -0.22%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 20.85 → FY25 17.09, change -3.76.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 20.85 → FY25 17.09, change -3.76.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 20.85 → FY25 17.09, change -3.76.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 20.85 → FY25 17.09, change -3.76.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY22 25.60% → FY25 18.03%, change -7.57%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 7.08 → FY25 4.36, change -2.72.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 7.08 → FY25 4.36, change -2.72.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 7.08 → FY25 4.36, change -2.72.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 7.08 → FY25 4.36, change -2.72.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY24 7.24% → FY25 4.59%, change -2.65%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 8.89 → FY25 4.36, change -4.54.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 8.89 → FY25 4.36, change -4.54.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 8.89 → FY25 4.36, change -4.54.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 8.89 → FY25 4.36, change -4.54.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY23 9.19% → FY25 4.59%, change -4.59%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 13.66 → FY25 4.36, change -9.30.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 13.66 → FY25 4.36, change -9.30.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 13.66 → FY25 4.36, change -9.30.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 13.66 → FY25 4.36, change -9.30.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY22 16.76% → FY25 4.59%, change -12.17%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 8.93 → FY25 5.22, change -3.71.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 8.93 → FY25 5.22, change -3.71.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 8.93 → FY25 5.22, change -3.71.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 8.93 → FY25 5.22, change -3.71.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY24 9.14% → FY25 5.50%, change -3.64%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 10.00 → FY25 5.22, change -4.78.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 10.00 → FY25 5.22, change -4.78.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 10.00 → FY25 5.22, change -4.78.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 10.00 → FY25 5.22, change -4.78.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY23 10.33% → FY25 5.50%, change -4.83%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 13.69 → FY25 5.22, change -8.47.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 13.69 → FY25 5.22, change -8.47.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 13.69 → FY25 5.22, change -8.47.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 13.69 → FY25 5.22, change -8.47.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY22 16.80% → FY25 5.50%, change -11.30%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 7.09 → FY25 3.79, change -3.30.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 7.09 → FY25 3.79, change -3.30.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 7.09 → FY25 3.79, change -3.30.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 7.09 → FY25 3.79, change -3.30.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY24 7.26% → FY25 4.00%, change -3.26%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 15.00 → FY25 3.79, change -11.20.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 15.00 → FY25 3.79, change -11.20.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 15.00 → FY25 3.79, change -11.20.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 15.00 → FY25 3.79, change -11.20.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY23 15.50% → FY25 4.00%, change -11.50%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 12.56 → FY25 3.79, change -8.76.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 12.56 → FY25 3.79, change -8.76.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 12.56 → FY25 3.79, change -8.76.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 12.56 → FY25 3.79, change -8.76.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY22 15.41% → FY25 4.00%, change -11.41%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Consolidated P&L from SEC EDGAR companyfacts (annual durations only). Driver contribution of a cost step = −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are itemised and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin: margin-first = Δrev·m₁ and r₀·Δm; Shapley = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁) and ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm — both sum exactly to ΔP. In pp scale the volume effect is zero by construction.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 17.45 → FY25 17.09, change -0.36.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 17.45 → FY25 17.09, change -0.36.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 17.45 → FY25 17.09, change -0.36.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 17.45 → FY25 17.09, change -0.36.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY24 17.86% → FY25 18.03%, change 0.16%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 17.66 → FY25 17.09, change -0.57.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 17.66 → FY25 17.09, change -0.57.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 17.66 → FY25 17.09, change -0.57.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 17.66 → FY25 17.09, change -0.57.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY23 18.25% → FY25 18.03%, change -0.22%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 20.85 → FY25 17.09, change -3.76.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 20.85 → FY25 17.09, change -3.76.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 20.85 → FY25 17.09, change -3.76.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 20.85 → FY25 17.09, change -3.76.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY22 25.60% → FY25 18.03%, change -7.57%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 7.08 → FY25 4.36, change -2.72.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 7.08 → FY25 4.36, change -2.72.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 7.08 → FY25 4.36, change -2.72.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 7.08 → FY25 4.36, change -2.72.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY24 7.24% → FY25 4.59%, change -2.65%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 8.89 → FY25 4.36, change -4.54.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 8.89 → FY25 4.36, change -4.54.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 8.89 → FY25 4.36, change -4.54.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 8.89 → FY25 4.36, change -4.54.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY23 9.19% → FY25 4.59%, change -4.59%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 13.66 → FY25 4.36, change -9.30.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 13.66 → FY25 4.36, change -9.30.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 13.66 → FY25 4.36, change -9.30.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 13.66 → FY25 4.36, change -9.30.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY22 16.76% → FY25 4.59%, change -12.17%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 8.93 → FY25 5.22, change -3.71.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 8.93 → FY25 5.22, change -3.71.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 8.93 → FY25 5.22, change -3.71.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 8.93 → FY25 5.22, change -3.71.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY24 9.14% → FY25 5.50%, change -3.64%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 10.00 → FY25 5.22, change -4.78.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 10.00 → FY25 5.22, change -4.78.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 10.00 → FY25 5.22, change -4.78.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 10.00 → FY25 5.22, change -4.78.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY23 10.33% → FY25 5.50%, change -4.83%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 13.69 → FY25 5.22, change -8.47.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 13.69 → FY25 5.22, change -8.47.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 13.69 → FY25 5.22, change -8.47.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 13.69 → FY25 5.22, change -8.47.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY22 16.80% → FY25 5.50%, change -11.30%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 7.09 → FY25 3.79, change -3.30.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 7.09 → FY25 3.79, change -3.30.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 7.09 → FY25 3.79, change -3.30.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY24 7.09 → FY25 3.79, change -3.30.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY24 7.26% → FY25 4.00%, change -3.26%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 15.00 → FY25 3.79, change -11.20.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 15.00 → FY25 3.79, change -11.20.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 15.00 → FY25 3.79, change -11.20.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY23 15.00 → FY25 3.79, change -11.20.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY23 15.50% → FY25 4.00%, change -11.50%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 12.56 → FY25 3.79, change -8.76.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 12.56 → FY25 3.79, change -8.76.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 12.56 → FY25 3.79, change -8.76.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin margin-first: vol = Δrev·m₁, margin = r₀·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why profit moved: profit = revenue × margin. The bridge separates the volume effect from the margin effect and breaks the margin effect into the individual cost blocks.
Shown: FY22 12.56 → FY25 3.79, change -8.76.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Volume/margin by Shapley: vol = ½·Δrev·(m₀+m₁), margin = ½·(r₀+r₁)·Δm. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same question in percentage points of margin. The volume effect is necessarily absent — more revenue alone does not change the margin; what remains are the cost ratios.
Shown: FY22 15.41% → FY25 4.00%, change -11.41%.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
A cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev); tagged sub-lines are shown individually and reconcile to the step. Consolidated P&L, annual durations only. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
| $bn | FY24 | FY25 | % rev FY24 | % rev FY25 | Δpp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 97.69 | 94.83 | 100.0% | 100.0% | +0.0pp |
| Cost of revenue | 80.24 | 77.73 | 82.1% | 82.0% | -0.2pp |
| Gross profit | 17.45 | 17.09 | 17.9% | 18.0% | +0.2pp |
| R&D | 4.54 | 6.41 | 4.6% | 6.8% | +2.1pp |
| G&A / SG&A | 5.15 | 5.83 | 5.3% | 6.2% | +0.9pp |
| Operating income (EBIT) | 7.08 | 4.36 | 7.2% | 4.6% | -2.7pp |
| Income tax | 1.84 | 1.42 | 1.9% | 1.5% | -0.4pp |
| Net income | 7.09 | 3.79 | 7.3% | 4.0% | -3.3pp |
The move in operating profit read as WHAT: first the volume effect, then the individual cost blocks. The same anchor can be read by segment (WHO) via the switch.
Shown: FY24 17.45 → FY25 17.09, change -0.36.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Volume = Δrev·margin₁; a cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev), scaled to the margin effect so the sum stays exact. Consolidated P&L, annual durations. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same move read as WHO: each segment with its contribution.
Shown: FY24 17.45 → FY25 17.09, change -0.36.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis (operating rows only); the anchor is the consolidated group figure, and the gap to the sum of segments appears visibly as Corp. & recon. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same move read as WHO: each segment with its contribution, additionally split per segment into volume and rate.
Shown: FY24 17.45 → FY25 17.09, change -0.36.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis (operating rows only); the anchor is the consolidated group figure, and the gap to the sum of segments appears visibly as Corp. & recon. Per segment: volume = Δrev·margin₁, rate = Rev₀·Δmargin. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The move in operating profit read as WHAT: first the volume effect, then the individual cost blocks. The same anchor can be read by segment (WHO) via the switch.
Shown: FY23 17.66 → FY25 17.09, change -0.57.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Volume = Δrev·margin₁; a cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev), scaled to the margin effect so the sum stays exact. Consolidated P&L, annual durations. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same move read as WHO: each segment with its contribution.
Shown: FY23 17.66 → FY25 17.09, change -0.57.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis (operating rows only); the anchor is the consolidated group figure, and the gap to the sum of segments appears visibly as Corp. & recon. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same move read as WHO: each segment with its contribution, additionally split per segment into volume and rate.
Shown: FY23 17.66 → FY25 17.09, change -0.57.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Segment values from the EDGAR segment axis (operating rows only); the anchor is the consolidated group figure, and the gap to the sum of segments appears visibly as Corp. & recon. Per segment: volume = Δrev·margin₁, rate = Rev₀·Δmargin. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The move in operating profit read as WHAT: first the volume effect, then the individual cost blocks. The same anchor can be read by segment (WHO) via the switch.
Shown: FY22 20.85 → FY25 17.09, change -3.76.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Volume = Δrev·margin₁; a cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev), scaled to the margin effect so the sum stays exact. Consolidated P&L, annual durations. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The move in operating profit read as WHAT: first the volume effect, then the individual cost blocks. The same anchor can be read by segment (WHO) via the switch.
Shown: FY24 7.08 → FY25 4.36, change -2.72.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Volume = Δrev·margin₁; a cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev), scaled to the margin effect so the sum stays exact. Consolidated P&L, annual durations. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The move in operating profit read as WHAT: first the volume effect, then the individual cost blocks. The same anchor can be read by segment (WHO) via the switch.
Shown: FY23 8.89 → FY25 4.36, change -4.54.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Volume = Δrev·margin₁; a cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev), scaled to the margin effect so the sum stays exact. Consolidated P&L, annual durations. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The move in operating profit read as WHAT: first the volume effect, then the individual cost blocks. The same anchor can be read by segment (WHO) via the switch.
Shown: FY22 13.66 → FY25 4.36, change -9.30.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Volume = Δrev·margin₁; a cost step contributes −Rev₀·Δ(step/Rev), scaled to the margin effect so the sum stays exact. Consolidated P&L, annual durations. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Consolidated P&L from SEC EDGAR companyfacts; segment view from the segment axis (operating rows only). Tax is split rate-versus-base: rate effect = −EBT₁·Δr, base effect = −ΔEBT·r₀ — together they equal the total tax change exactly. Exceptionals cover restructuring, goodwill and asset impairment, disposal gains/losses and acquisition costs, each only where the firm tags it.
What happens between EBIT and net income: non-operating result and tax. Tax is separated into two causes — a different rate and a larger base are two different things.
Shown: FY24 7.09 → FY25 3.79, change -3.30.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Effective tax rate 20.6 % → 27.3 %. Rate effect = −EBT₁·Δr, higher-base effect = −ΔEBT·r₀; together they equal the tax change exactly. Effective rate = (EBT − net) / EBT. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
What happens between EBIT and net income: non-operating result and tax. Tax is separated into two causes — a different rate and a larger base are two different things.
Shown: FY23 15.00 → FY25 3.79, change -11.20.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Effective tax rate -50.0 % → 27.3 %. Rate effect = −EBT₁·Δr, higher-base effect = −ΔEBT·r₀; together they equal the tax change exactly. Effective rate = (EBT − net) / EBT. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
What happens between EBIT and net income: non-operating result and tax. Tax is separated into two causes — a different rate and a larger base are two different things.
Shown: FY22 12.56 → FY25 3.79, change -8.76.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Effective tax rate 8.3 % → 27.3 %. Rate effect = −EBT₁·Δr, higher-base effect = −ΔEBT·r₀; together they equal the tax change exactly. Effective rate = (EBT − net) / EBT. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
What remains of operating profit once one-off items are taken out? Each bar is a special item being reversed.
Shown: EBIT 4.36 → adjusted 4.75, change 0.39.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains.
Expense items (restructuring, impairments, acquisition costs) are added back, gains (disposal gains) subtracted. Only items the firm actually tags for that year appear — the selection is not curated, it follows the filing. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
What remains of operating profit once one-off items are taken out? Each bar is a special item being reversed.
Shown: EBIT 4.36 → adjusted 4.75, change 0.39.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains.
Expense items (restructuring, impairments, acquisition costs) are added back, gains (disposal gains) subtracted. Only items the firm actually tags for that year appear — the selection is not curated, it follows the filing. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
What remains of operating profit once one-off items are taken out? Each bar is a special item being reversed.
Shown: EBIT 4.36 → adjusted 4.75, change 0.39.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains.
Expense items (restructuring, impairments, acquisition costs) are added back, gains (disposal gains) subtracted. Only items the firm actually tags for that year appear — the selection is not curated, it follows the filing. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY24 0.49× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.21×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Order-neutral Shapley split: debt effect = ½·(ND₁−ND₀)·(1/E₀+1/E₁), EBITDA effect = ½·(ND₀+ND₁)·(1/E₁−1/E₀). Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY24 0.49× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.21×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Stepwise split: first the debt stock at the old EBITDA, then EBITDA at the new debt stock. Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY23 0.22× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.48×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Order-neutral Shapley split: debt effect = ½·(ND₁−ND₀)·(1/E₀+1/E₁), EBITDA effect = ½·(ND₀+ND₁)·(1/E₁−1/E₀). Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY23 0.22× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.48×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Stepwise split: first the debt stock at the old EBITDA, then EBITDA at the new debt stock. Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY22 0.06× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.64×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Order-neutral Shapley split: debt effect = ½·(ND₁−ND₀)·(1/E₀+1/E₁), EBITDA effect = ½·(ND₀+ND₁)·(1/E₁−1/E₀). Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY22 0.06× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.64×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Stepwise split: first the debt stock at the old EBITDA, then EBITDA at the new debt stock. Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same measure on a rolling basis: quarter-end debt against the last four quarters of EBITDA. It shows movement the annual view hides.
Shown: Q1·25 0.48× → Q1·26 0.76×, change 0.28×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
LTM = four rolling quarters. Quarterly values are unwound from cumulative year-to-date filings (Q2 = H1 − Q1, Q3 = 9M − H1, Q4 = FY − 9M); every four-quarter sum ties to the reported fiscal year. Nesting is unavailable here because the cash-flow items exist only as annual figures. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same measure on a rolling basis: quarter-end debt against the last four quarters of EBITDA. It shows movement the annual view hides.
Shown: Q1·25 0.48× → Q1·26 0.76×, change 0.28×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
LTM = four rolling quarters. Quarterly values are unwound from cumulative year-to-date filings (Q2 = H1 − Q1, Q3 = 9M − H1, Q4 = FY − 9M); every four-quarter sum ties to the reported fiscal year. Nesting is unavailable here because the cash-flow items exist only as annual figures. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same measure on a rolling basis: quarter-end debt against the last four quarters of EBITDA. It shows movement the annual view hides.
Shown: Q1·24 0.25× → Q1·26 0.76×, change 0.51×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
LTM = four rolling quarters. Quarterly values are unwound from cumulative year-to-date filings (Q2 = H1 − Q1, Q3 = 9M − H1, Q4 = FY − 9M); every four-quarter sum ties to the reported fiscal year. Nesting is unavailable here because the cash-flow items exist only as annual figures. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same measure on a rolling basis: quarter-end debt against the last four quarters of EBITDA. It shows movement the annual view hides.
Shown: Q1·24 0.25× → Q1·26 0.76×, change 0.51×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
LTM = four rolling quarters. Quarterly values are unwound from cumulative year-to-date filings (Q2 = H1 − Q1, Q3 = 9M − H1, Q4 = FY − 9M); every four-quarter sum ties to the reported fiscal year. Nesting is unavailable here because the cash-flow items exist only as annual figures. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
How leverage developed against earning power across the fiscal years.
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A. The gap between the lines is the cash balance, measured in years of EBITDA. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
How leverage developed against earning power across the fiscal years.
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A. The gap between the lines is the cash balance, measured in years of EBITDA. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Quarterly rather than annual — it shows movement between balance-sheet dates.
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
LTM = four rolling quarters. Quarterly values are unwound from cumulative year-to-date filings (Q2 = H1 − Q1, Q3 = 9M − H1, Q4 = FY − 9M); every four-quarter sum ties to the reported fiscal year. Nesting is unavailable here because the cash-flow items exist only as annual figures. Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A. The gap between the lines is the cash balance, measured in years of EBITDA. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Quarterly rather than annual — it shows movement between balance-sheet dates.
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
LTM = four rolling quarters. Quarterly values are unwound from cumulative year-to-date filings (Q2 = H1 − Q1, Q3 = 9M − H1, Q4 = FY − 9M); every four-quarter sum ties to the reported fiscal year. Nesting is unavailable here because the cash-flow items exist only as annual figures. Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A. The gap between the lines is the cash balance, measured in years of EBITDA. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
A ratio can move because the numerator rises or the denominator falls. Here both stand side by side.
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
Both series in $bn. Leverage is their ratio — this view shows the two quantities separately. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
A quarterly view of the same two quantities.
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
LTM = four rolling quarters. Quarterly values are unwound from cumulative year-to-date filings (Q2 = H1 − Q1, Q3 = 9M − H1, Q4 = FY − 9M); every four-quarter sum ties to the reported fiscal year. Nesting is unavailable here because the cash-flow items exist only as annual figures. Both series in $bn. Leverage is their ratio — this view shows the two quantities separately. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Two-factor Shapley decomposition (order-neutral): debt effect = ½·(ND₁−ND₀)·(1/E₀+1/E₁), EBITDA effect = ½·(ND₀+ND₁)·(1/E₁−1/E₀). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts, fiscal-year-end instants and full-year flows.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY24 0.49× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.21×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Order-neutral Shapley split: debt effect = ½·(ND₁−ND₀)·(1/E₀+1/E₁), EBITDA effect = ½·(ND₀+ND₁)·(1/E₁−1/E₀). Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY24 0.49× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.21×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Stepwise split: first the debt stock at the old EBITDA, then EBITDA at the new debt stock. Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY23 0.22× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.48×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Order-neutral Shapley split: debt effect = ½·(ND₁−ND₀)·(1/E₀+1/E₁), EBITDA effect = ½·(ND₀+ND₁)·(1/E₁−1/E₀). Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY23 0.22× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.48×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Stepwise split: first the debt stock at the old EBITDA, then EBITDA at the new debt stock. Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY22 0.06× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.64×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Order-neutral Shapley split: debt effect = ½·(ND₁−ND₀)·(1/E₀+1/E₁), EBITDA effect = ½·(ND₀+ND₁)·(1/E₁−1/E₀). Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY22 0.06× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.64×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Stepwise split: first the debt stock at the old EBITDA, then EBITDA at the new debt stock. Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same measure on a rolling basis: quarter-end debt against the last four quarters of EBITDA. It shows movement the annual view hides.
Shown: Q1·25 0.48× → Q1·26 0.76×, change 0.28×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
LTM = four rolling quarters. Quarterly values are unwound from cumulative year-to-date filings (Q2 = H1 − Q1, Q3 = 9M − H1, Q4 = FY − 9M); every four-quarter sum ties to the reported fiscal year. Nesting is unavailable here because the cash-flow items exist only as annual figures. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same measure on a rolling basis: quarter-end debt against the last four quarters of EBITDA. It shows movement the annual view hides.
Shown: Q1·25 0.48× → Q1·26 0.76×, change 0.28×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
LTM = four rolling quarters. Quarterly values are unwound from cumulative year-to-date filings (Q2 = H1 − Q1, Q3 = 9M − H1, Q4 = FY − 9M); every four-quarter sum ties to the reported fiscal year. Nesting is unavailable here because the cash-flow items exist only as annual figures. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same measure on a rolling basis: quarter-end debt against the last four quarters of EBITDA. It shows movement the annual view hides.
Shown: Q1·24 0.25× → Q1·26 0.76×, change 0.51×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
LTM = four rolling quarters. Quarterly values are unwound from cumulative year-to-date filings (Q2 = H1 − Q1, Q3 = 9M − H1, Q4 = FY − 9M); every four-quarter sum ties to the reported fiscal year. Nesting is unavailable here because the cash-flow items exist only as annual figures. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same measure on a rolling basis: quarter-end debt against the last four quarters of EBITDA. It shows movement the annual view hides.
Shown: Q1·24 0.25× → Q1·26 0.76×, change 0.51×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
LTM = four rolling quarters. Quarterly values are unwound from cumulative year-to-date filings (Q2 = H1 − Q1, Q3 = 9M − H1, Q4 = FY − 9M); every four-quarter sum ties to the reported fiscal year. Nesting is unavailable here because the cash-flow items exist only as annual figures. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY24 0.49× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.21×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Order-neutral Shapley split: debt effect = ½·(ND₁−ND₀)·(1/E₀+1/E₁), EBITDA effect = ½·(ND₀+ND₁)·(1/E₁−1/E₀). Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY24 0.49× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.21×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Stepwise split: first the debt stock at the old EBITDA, then EBITDA at the new debt stock. Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY23 0.22× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.48×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Order-neutral Shapley split: debt effect = ½·(ND₁−ND₀)·(1/E₀+1/E₁), EBITDA effect = ½·(ND₀+ND₁)·(1/E₁−1/E₀). Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY23 0.22× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.48×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Stepwise split: first the debt stock at the old EBITDA, then EBITDA at the new debt stock. Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY22 0.06× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.64×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Order-neutral Shapley split: debt effect = ½·(ND₁−ND₀)·(1/E₀+1/E₁), EBITDA effect = ½·(ND₀+ND₁)·(1/E₁−1/E₀). Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY22 0.06× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.64×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Stepwise split: first the debt stock at the old EBITDA, then EBITDA at the new debt stock. Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same measure on a rolling basis: quarter-end debt against the last four quarters of EBITDA. It shows movement the annual view hides.
Shown: Q1·25 0.48× → Q1·26 0.76×, change 0.28×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
LTM = four rolling quarters. Quarterly values are unwound from cumulative year-to-date filings (Q2 = H1 − Q1, Q3 = 9M − H1, Q4 = FY − 9M); every four-quarter sum ties to the reported fiscal year. Nesting is unavailable here because the cash-flow items exist only as annual figures. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same measure on a rolling basis: quarter-end debt against the last four quarters of EBITDA. It shows movement the annual view hides.
Shown: Q1·25 0.48× → Q1·26 0.76×, change 0.28×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
LTM = four rolling quarters. Quarterly values are unwound from cumulative year-to-date filings (Q2 = H1 − Q1, Q3 = 9M − H1, Q4 = FY − 9M); every four-quarter sum ties to the reported fiscal year. Nesting is unavailable here because the cash-flow items exist only as annual figures. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same measure on a rolling basis: quarter-end debt against the last four quarters of EBITDA. It shows movement the annual view hides.
Shown: Q1·24 0.25× → Q1·26 0.76×, change 0.51×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
LTM = four rolling quarters. Quarterly values are unwound from cumulative year-to-date filings (Q2 = H1 − Q1, Q3 = 9M − H1, Q4 = FY − 9M); every four-quarter sum ties to the reported fiscal year. Nesting is unavailable here because the cash-flow items exist only as annual figures. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same measure on a rolling basis: quarter-end debt against the last four quarters of EBITDA. It shows movement the annual view hides.
Shown: Q1·24 0.25× → Q1·26 0.76×, change 0.51×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
LTM = four rolling quarters. Quarterly values are unwound from cumulative year-to-date filings (Q2 = H1 − Q1, Q3 = 9M − H1, Q4 = FY − 9M); every four-quarter sum ties to the reported fiscal year. Nesting is unavailable here because the cash-flow items exist only as annual figures. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
How leverage developed against earning power across the fiscal years.
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A. The gap between the lines is the cash balance, measured in years of EBITDA. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
How leverage developed against earning power across the fiscal years.
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A. The gap between the lines is the cash balance, measured in years of EBITDA. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Quarterly rather than annual — it shows movement between balance-sheet dates.
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
LTM = four rolling quarters. Quarterly values are unwound from cumulative year-to-date filings (Q2 = H1 − Q1, Q3 = 9M − H1, Q4 = FY − 9M); every four-quarter sum ties to the reported fiscal year. Nesting is unavailable here because the cash-flow items exist only as annual figures. Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A. The gap between the lines is the cash balance, measured in years of EBITDA. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Quarterly rather than annual — it shows movement between balance-sheet dates.
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
LTM = four rolling quarters. Quarterly values are unwound from cumulative year-to-date filings (Q2 = H1 − Q1, Q3 = 9M − H1, Q4 = FY − 9M); every four-quarter sum ties to the reported fiscal year. Nesting is unavailable here because the cash-flow items exist only as annual figures. Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A. The gap between the lines is the cash balance, measured in years of EBITDA. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
| $bn | FY20 | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross debt | 8.5 | 4.3 | 1.0 | 2.7 | 5.5 | 6.6 |
| − Cash and equivalents | 19.4 | 17.6 | 16.3 | 16.4 | 16.1 | 16.5 |
| = Net debt | -10.9 | -13.3 | -15.2 | -13.7 | -10.6 | -9.9 |
| EBITDA | 3.6 | 8.4 | 16.1 | 12.2 | 11.2 | 9.4 |
| Net debt / EBITDA | -3.06× | -1.58× | -0.95× | -1.12× | -0.95× | -1.06× |
| Gross debt / EBITDA | 2.37× | 0.50× | 0.06× | 0.22× | 0.49× | 0.70× |
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY24 0.49× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.21×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Order-neutral Shapley split: debt effect = ½·(ND₁−ND₀)·(1/E₀+1/E₁), EBITDA effect = ½·(ND₀+ND₁)·(1/E₁−1/E₀). Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY24 0.49× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.21×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Stepwise split: first the debt stock at the old EBITDA, then EBITDA at the new debt stock. Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY23 0.22× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.48×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Order-neutral Shapley split: debt effect = ½·(ND₁−ND₀)·(1/E₀+1/E₁), EBITDA effect = ½·(ND₀+ND₁)·(1/E₁−1/E₀). Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY23 0.22× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.48×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Stepwise split: first the debt stock at the old EBITDA, then EBITDA at the new debt stock. Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY22 0.06× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.64×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Order-neutral Shapley split: debt effect = ½·(ND₁−ND₀)·(1/E₀+1/E₁), EBITDA effect = ½·(ND₀+ND₁)·(1/E₁−1/E₀). Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
Why leverage moved: the measure is a ratio, so two channels act on it — the debt stock in the numerator and EBITDA in the denominator. The bridge separates them.
Shown: FY22 0.06× → FY25 0.70×, change 0.64×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Stepwise split: first the debt stock at the old EBITDA, then EBITDA at the new debt stock. Net debt = gross debt − cash; EBITDA = EBIT + D&A (where EBIT is not tagged: pre-tax income + D&A). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same measure on a rolling basis: quarter-end debt against the last four quarters of EBITDA. It shows movement the annual view hides.
Shown: Q1·25 0.48× → Q1·26 0.76×, change 0.28×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
LTM = four rolling quarters. Quarterly values are unwound from cumulative year-to-date filings (Q2 = H1 − Q1, Q3 = 9M − H1, Q4 = FY − 9M); every four-quarter sum ties to the reported fiscal year. Nesting is unavailable here because the cash-flow items exist only as annual figures. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same measure on a rolling basis: quarter-end debt against the last four quarters of EBITDA. It shows movement the annual view hides.
Shown: Q1·25 0.48× → Q1·26 0.76×, change 0.28×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
LTM = four rolling quarters. Quarterly values are unwound from cumulative year-to-date filings (Q2 = H1 − Q1, Q3 = 9M − H1, Q4 = FY − 9M); every four-quarter sum ties to the reported fiscal year. Nesting is unavailable here because the cash-flow items exist only as annual figures. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same measure on a rolling basis: quarter-end debt against the last four quarters of EBITDA. It shows movement the annual view hides.
Shown: Q1·24 0.25× → Q1·26 0.76×, change 0.51×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
LTM = four rolling quarters. Quarterly values are unwound from cumulative year-to-date filings (Q2 = H1 − Q1, Q3 = 9M − H1, Q4 = FY − 9M); every four-quarter sum ties to the reported fiscal year. Nesting is unavailable here because the cash-flow items exist only as annual figures. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same measure on a rolling basis: quarter-end debt against the last four quarters of EBITDA. It shows movement the annual view hides.
Shown: Q1·24 0.25× → Q1·26 0.76×, change 0.51×.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
LTM = four rolling quarters. Quarterly values are unwound from cumulative year-to-date filings (Q2 = H1 − Q1, Q3 = 9M − H1, Q4 = FY − 9M); every four-quarter sum ties to the reported fiscal year. Nesting is unavailable here because the cash-flow items exist only as annual figures. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
| $bn | FY20 | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross debt | 8.5 | 4.3 | 1.0 | 2.7 | 5.5 | 6.6 |
| − Cash and equivalents | 19.4 | 17.6 | 16.3 | 16.4 | 16.1 | 16.5 |
| = Net debt | -10.9 | -13.3 | -15.2 | -13.7 | -10.6 | -9.9 |
| EBITDA | 3.6 | 8.4 | 16.1 | 12.2 | 11.2 | 9.4 |
| Net debt / EBITDA | -3.06× | -1.58× | -0.95× | -1.12× | -0.95× | -1.06× |
| Gross debt / EBITDA | 2.37× | 0.50× | 0.06× | 0.22× | 0.49× | 0.70× |
What does the shareholders' equity earn?
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
ROE = net income / equity (point-in-time). All inputs from the same statement layer as the P&L and balance sheet. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
What does total invested capital earn — regardless of whether it is funded by equity or debt?
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
ROIC = EBIT·(1 − effective tax rate) / (equity + debt − cash). The rate comes from tax expense / pre-tax income. All inputs from the same statement layer as the P&L and balance sheet. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
What do total assets earn?
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
ROA = net income / total assets (point-in-time). All inputs from the same statement layer as the P&L and balance sheet. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same years, three denominators: equity, invested capital, total assets. The gap between ROE and ROIC shows how much the capital lever contributes.
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
ROE = net/equity · ROIC = EBIT·(1−tax rate)/(equity+debt−cash) · ROA = net/assets. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 9.73pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -5.11pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 7.3 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.80 → 0.69, multiplier 1.67 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 9.73pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -5.11pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 7.3 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.80 → 0.69, multiplier 1.67 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 9.73pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -5.11pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 7.3 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.80 → 0.69, multiplier 1.67 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 9.73pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -5.11pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 7.3 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.80 → 0.69, multiplier 1.67 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 23.94pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -19.32pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 15.5 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.91 → 0.69, multiplier 1.70 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 23.94pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -19.32pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 15.5 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.91 → 0.69, multiplier 1.70 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 23.94pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -19.32pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 15.5 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.91 → 0.69, multiplier 1.70 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 23.94pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -19.32pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 15.5 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.91 → 0.69, multiplier 1.70 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 28.09pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -23.47pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 15.4 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.99 → 0.69, multiplier 1.84 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 28.09pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -23.47pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 15.4 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.99 → 0.69, multiplier 1.84 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 28.09pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -23.47pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 15.4 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.99 → 0.69, multiplier 1.84 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 28.09pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -23.47pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 15.4 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.99 → 0.69, multiplier 1.84 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
All inputs from the same statement layer as the P&L, balance sheet and cash-flow slides. ROE = net income / equity · ROA = net income / assets · ROIC = EBIT·(1 − effective tax rate) / (equity + debt − cash). DuPont splits ΔROE into margin × asset turnover × equity multiplier using the order-neutral Shapley decomposition for a three-factor product — the three contributions sum to the ROE change exactly.
What does the shareholders' equity earn?
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
ROE = net income / equity (point-in-time). All inputs from the same statement layer as the P&L and balance sheet. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
What does total invested capital earn — regardless of whether it is funded by equity or debt?
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
ROIC = EBIT·(1 − effective tax rate) / (equity + debt − cash). The rate comes from tax expense / pre-tax income. All inputs from the same statement layer as the P&L and balance sheet. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
What do total assets earn?
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
ROA = net income / total assets (point-in-time). All inputs from the same statement layer as the P&L and balance sheet. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The same years, three denominators: equity, invested capital, total assets. The gap between ROE and ROIC shows how much the capital lever contributes.
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
ROE = net/equity · ROIC = EBIT·(1−tax rate)/(equity+debt−cash) · ROA = net/assets. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 9.73pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -5.11pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 7.3 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.80 → 0.69, multiplier 1.67 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 9.73pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -5.11pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 7.3 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.80 → 0.69, multiplier 1.67 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 9.73pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -5.11pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 7.3 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.80 → 0.69, multiplier 1.67 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 9.73pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -5.11pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 7.3 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.80 → 0.69, multiplier 1.67 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 23.94pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -19.32pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 15.5 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.91 → 0.69, multiplier 1.70 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 23.94pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -19.32pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 15.5 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.91 → 0.69, multiplier 1.70 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 23.94pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -19.32pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 15.5 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.91 → 0.69, multiplier 1.70 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 23.94pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -19.32pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 15.5 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.91 → 0.69, multiplier 1.70 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 28.09pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -23.47pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 15.4 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.99 → 0.69, multiplier 1.84 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 28.09pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -23.47pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 15.4 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.99 → 0.69, multiplier 1.84 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 28.09pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -23.47pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 15.4 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.99 → 0.69, multiplier 1.84 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
ROE is a product of three factors: margin (how much of revenue is kept), asset turnover (how much revenue per balance-sheet dollar) and the equity multiplier (how much balance sheet per equity dollar). The bridge shows which of the three carried the move.
Shown: ROE 28.09pp → ROE 4.62pp, change -23.47pp.
Left to right: the first bar is the opening value, the middle bars are changes (up = increasing, down = decreasing), the last is the closing value. The changes sum to the difference exactly — no unexplained residual remains. The value axis is broken near zero so the contributions stay visible next to the large opening and closing bars; bar lengths are therefore not proportional to absolute value.
Margin 15.4 % → 4.0 %, turnover 0.99 → 0.69, multiplier 1.84 → 1.68. Order-neutral Shapley decomposition of a three-factor product: φ_a = Δa·[b₀c₀/3 + (b₀c₁+b₁c₀)/6 + b₁c₁/3], likewise for b and c — the three contributions equal the ROE change exactly. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
TSLA tags neither share repurchases nor dividends in these years — no cash is returned to shareholders. That is a finding, not a missing number.
The tile shows the current value (% YoY) and, below it, how it developed across the recent fiscal years.
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
Revenue growth = revenue / prior-year revenue − 1. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The tile shows the current value (EBIT / revenue) and, below it, how it developed across the recent fiscal years.
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
Operating margin = EBIT / revenue. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The tile shows the current value (NOPAT / invested capital) and, below it, how it developed across the recent fiscal years.
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
ROIC = EBIT·(1 − effective tax rate) / (equity + debt − cash). Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The tile shows the current value (OCF − capex) and, below it, how it developed across the recent fiscal years.
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
Free cash flow = operating cash flow − capex, in $bn. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
The tile shows the current value (FCF / OCF) and, below it, how it developed across the recent fiscal years.
Each series is one measure across the fiscal years; the points are reported or directly derived annual values, not smoothed.
Cash conversion = free cash flow / operating cash flow. Source: SEC EDGAR companyfacts (fully loaded); annual and quarterly durations identified by period length.
not defined — buybacks + dividends
p1_TSLA.sqlite; annual and quarterly durations separated by period length; segment values from the segment axis.| Line | resolved us-gaap tag | facts | state | rest of the chain |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rev | RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax | 29 | resolved | Revenues, RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTax |
| cogs | CostOfRevenue | 97 | resolved | CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold, CostOfGoodsSold |
| gross | GrossProfit | 109 | resolved | — |
| rnd | ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense | 97 | resolved | — |
| sm | — | — | not tagged | SellingAndMarketingExpense, MarketingExpense |
| ga | — | — | not tagged | GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense |
| sga | SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense | 97 | resolved | — |
| opex | OperatingExpenses | 97 | resolved | CostsAndExpenses |
| ebit | OperatingIncomeLoss | 97 | resolved | — |
| other | OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense | 97 | resolved | NonoperatingIncomeExpense |
| pretax | IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest | 97 | resolved | IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments |
| tax | IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit | 97 | resolved | — |
| net | NetIncomeLoss | 109 | resolved | ProfitLoss |
| epsd | EarningsPerShareDiluted | 64 | resolved | — |
| epsb | EarningsPerShareBasic | 64 | resolved | — |
Loaded: 13,242 facts across 714 concepts for CIK 0001318605. The chain is tried in order; the first tag with a value for 2025-12-31 wins — that is how one report stays readable across firms that report the same measure under different tags.